Scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology  NIST have developed a new measurement technology that can quickly and accurately detect DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation, such as X rays and gamma rays. Unlike existing methods that often take days to deliver results, this approach provides real-time measurements, potentially transforming both cancer treatment and emergency responses to radiation exposure

The technique works by passing fragments of radiation-damaged DNA through nanopores tiny openings that carry an electrical current. As DNA fragments move through, they create changes in the current  allowing researchers to measure fragment size and calculate radiation dose within minutes. This method is particularly useful for detecting exposures between 2 and 10 gray Gy a critical range requiring immediate medical attention and with higher accuracy than conventional techniques

By enabling real-time monitoring, the technology could help doctors better adjust radiation therapy, ensuring enough radiation is delivered to target tumors without harming healthy cells. It could also track tumor response  paving the way for more personalized cancer care. In emergencies like nuclear accidents  the tool would allow first responders to quickly assess exposure and prioritize treatment for those most at risk

Currently demonstrated in a lab proof-of-concept  NIST researchers aim to create a portable version of the device that could one day be as accessible as a smartphone. Such a tool would be valuable for hospitals  emergency teams, and field use, offering faster, more accurate radiation assessments and potentially saving lives

Source: https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/08/new-technique-measuring-dna-damage-could-improve-cancer-therapy-and